Train axle assembly

ABSTRACT

A train axle assembly includes a train axle, a ring assembly coaxially mounted on the train axle and a structure operatively engaged by the ring assembly and mounted on the train axle. The ring assembly has an outer diameter and a main section adjacent the outer diameter. The ring assembly includes a projection extending axially from the main section which is located at a diameter less than the outer diameter of the ring assembly. The projection has a portion of a diameter contacting the train axle so that the ring assembly is affixed to the train axle to provide resistance to relative rotation and axial movement between the ring assembly and the train axial.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 12/492,928 filed onJun. 26, 2009, entitled “MOUNTING RING” (Attorney Docket No. 0545.036C),which is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 10/945,074 filed Sep. 20, 2004,now U.S. Pat. No. 8,657,299 issued on Feb. 25, 2014, entitled “MOUNTINGRINGS FOR SHAFTS” (Attorney Docket No. 0545.036A), which is aContinuation in part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/891,597 filed Jul. 15, 2004,and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,563,050 on Jul. 21, 2009, entitled “RINGSFOR MOUNTING STRUCTURES TO SHAFTS AND METHODS OF USING SUCH RINGS”(Attorney Docket No. 0545.036), the disclosures of each of which isincorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

This application is also related to U.S. Pat. No. 8,317,202 issued Nov.27, 2012 (U.S. Ser. No. 12/470,262 filed May 21, 2009), entitled “RINGFOR MOUNTING A STRUCTURE TO A SHAFT” (Attorney Docket No. 0545.036B),the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

This application is also related to U.S. Pat. No. 8,662,557 issued Mar.4, 2014 (U.S. Ser. No. 13/481,991 filed May 29, 2012), entitled “TRAINAXLE ASSEMBLY” (Attorney Docket No. 0545.036D), the disclosure of whichis incorporated by reference herein.

This application is also related to U.S. Pat. No. 8,607,431 issued Dec.17, 2013 (U.S. Ser. No. 13/742,068 filed Jan. 15, 2013), entitled“MOUNTING RING” (Attorney Docket No. 0545.036E), the disclosure of whichis incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates, generally, to a ring for mountingstructures to a shaft, particularly, to a train axle assembly with aring assembly that can engage a train axle and provide at least someresistance to relative movement between the ring and the axle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The need often arises for mounting a structure to a shaft whenconventional means, for example, mechanical fasteners, welding, ormachining, are unfeasible or simply impossible. For instance, when it isnecessary to mount a structure onto an existing shaft in an existingassembly, it is sometimes difficult to mount a structure, for example, aring or bearing housing, to the shaft. Existing shafts may not beaccessible for machining, or they may have a metallurgy that isincompatible with welding or machining, or the shaft dimensions may havetoo large a tolerance where conventional mounting means are undesirableor impractical.

The present inventors encountered such a situation where conventionalmounting means were incompatible with the condition of the shaft towhich they were interested in mounting a structure, specifically,mounting a bearing backing plate. The inventors desired to mount acircular disk-shaped, bearing-backing ring to an existing forged or casttrain axle. However, the existing train axle was a forged axle having anoutside diameter that varied by about +/−0.030 inches. The inventorsfound that this forged axle did not lend itself to conventional mountingmethods, for example, welding or machining. Also, the relatively largetolerance of the outside diameter required that whatever was mounted tothe shaft be able to accommodate the variation in diameter whileproviding at least some resistance to the rotation of the backing platerelative to the shaft.

Aspects of the present invention provided the means for mounting thebacking ring to the shaft. Moreover, the inventors recognized thataspects of the present invention were not limited to use with forged orcast train axles, but could be used in any situation in which it wasdesirable to mount a structure, any structure, on to any type of shaft.

SUMMARY OF ASPECTS OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the invention includes a train axle assembly. The assemblyincludes a train axle, a ring assembly, coaxially mounted on the trainaxle, and a structure operatively engaged by the ring assembly andmounted on the train axle. The ring assembly has an outer diameter and amain section adjacent the outer diameter. The ring assembly includes aprojection extending in the axial direction from the main section of thering assembly and located at a diameter less than the outer diameter ofthe ring assembly. The projection has a portion of the diametercontacting the train axle wherein the ring assembly is affixed to thetrain axle to provide resistance to relative rotation and axial movementbetween the ring assembly and the train axle. The main section and theprojection of the ring assembly extend along a circumferential portionof the ring assembly.

The ring assembly includes a cavity between the outer diameter and innerdiameter of the ring assembly. The cavity extends an entirecircumferential length of the ring assembly. The cavity may face in anaxial direction. The structure operatively engaged by the ring assemblymay include a bearing housing, a backing plate, a ring, or a housing.The inside diameter of the ring assembly may be less than the outsidediameter of the train axle. The cavity of the ring assembly is deformedwhen mounted on the train axle. The ring assembly may be a single ring.

Another aspect of the present invention is a ring for mounting astructure to a shaft such as a train axle, the ring having a firstsurface adapted to engage the structure; and a radially inner surfaceadapted to flexibly engage the shaft and, when engaged with the shaft,provide at least some resistance to movement, for example, rotationand/or axial displacement, of the shaft relative to the ring. In oneaspect of the invention, the radially inner surface comprises aplurality of indentations, for example, slits, slots, or holes. Inanother aspect of the invention, the ring may be a metallic ring or aplastic ring. In another aspect of the invention, the invention mayinclude a means for providing a substantially fluid-tight seal, forexample, between the shaft and the ring, for instance, a sealingcompound.

Another aspect of the invention is a method for mounting a structure toa shaft, the method including: providing a ring having a first surfaceadapted to engage the structure, and having a radially inner surfaceadapted to deflect and engage the shaft; mounting the structure to thering; slidably engaging the ring onto the shaft whereby the radiallyinner surface of the ring engages the shaft; and providing at least someresistance to movement, for example, rotation and/or axial displacement,of the shaft relative to the ring. In one aspect of the invention,slidably engaging the ring on the shaft further comprises radiallydeflecting the radially inner surface of the ring. In another aspect ofthe invention, the method further comprises providing a substantiallyfluid-tight seal, for example, between the ring and the shaft.

A further aspect of the invention is an arrangement for mounting astructure to a shaft, the arrangement including: a structure; a shaft towhich the structure is to be mounted; and a ring mounted to thestructure, the ring comprising: a first surface adapted to engage thestructure; and a radially inner surface adapted to flexibly engage theshaft and, when engaged with the shaft, provide at least some resistanceto movement, for example, rotation and/or axial displacement, of theshaft relative to the ring. In one aspect of the invention, thestructure may be a plate, a ring, a housing, a bearing, or a seal, amongother structures. In another aspect of the invention, the arrangementmay include a means for providing a substantially fluid-tight seal, forexample, between the shaft and the ring, for instance, a sealingcompound.

A further aspect of the invention is a ring for mounting a structure toa shaft, the ring comprising: a cross-section comprising a closed,hollow construction; a first surface adapted to engage the structure;and a radially inner surface adapted to flexibly engage the shaft and,when engaged with the shaft, provide at least sonic resistance tomovement, for example, rotation and/or axial displacement, of the shaftrelative to the ring. In one aspect, the closed, hollow constructioncomprises one of a circular, oval, and polygonal closed, hollowconstruction.

Another aspect of the invention is a method for mounting a structure toa shaft, the method comprising: providing a ring having a cross-sectioncomprising a closed, hollow construction; a first surface adapted toengage the structure; and a radially inner surface adapted to deflectand engage the shaft; mounting the structure to the ring; slidablyengaging the ring onto the shaft whereby the radially inner surface ofthe ring engages the shaft; and providing at least some resistance tomovement, for example, rotation and/or axial displacement, of the shaftrelative to the ring. In one aspect, providing at least some resistanceto movement comprises at least some resistance to rotation of the shaftrelative to the ring due to friction between the radially inner surfaceand the shaft.

A still further aspect of the invention is an arrangement for mounting astructure to a shaft, the arrangement including a structure; a shaft towhich the structure is to be mounted; and a ring mounted to thestructure, the ring having a cross-section comprising a closed, hollowconstruction; a first surface adapted to engage the structure; and aradially inner surface adapted to flexibly engage the shaft and, whenengaged with the shaft, provide at least some resistance to movement,for example, rotation and/or axial displacement, of the shaft relativeto the ring. In one aspect, the arrangement further comprises means forproviding a substantially fluid-tight seal between the ring and theshaft.

Details of these aspects of the invention, as well as further aspects ofthe invention, will become more readily apparent upon review of thefollowing drawings and the accompanying claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The subject matter that is regarded as the invention is particularlyidentified and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of thespecification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantagesof the invention will be readily understood from the following detaileddescription of aspects of the invention taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a ring according to one aspect of theinvention.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ring shown in FIG. 1 asviewed along section lines 2-2 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a magnified detailed view of the cross-sectional shapeidentified by circle 3 in FIG. 2 according to one aspect of theinvention.

FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 are partial cross-sectional views of the successiveassembly of a structure having a ring according to one aspect of theinvention when mounted to a shaft.

FIG. 7 is partial cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 6, of anotherassembly of a structure having a ring according to an aspect of theinvention when mounted to another shaft.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a ring according to another aspect of theinvention.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ring shown in FIG. 8 asviewed along section lines 9-9 in FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a magnified detailed view of the cross-sectional shapeidentified by circle 10 in FIG. 8 according to another aspect of theinvention.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of a ring according to another aspect of theinvention.

FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ring shown in FIG. 11as viewed along section lines 12-12 in FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is a magnified detailed view of the cross-sectional shapeidentified by circle 13 in FIG. 12 according to another aspect of theinvention.

FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 6, of anotherassembly of a structure having a ring according to an aspect of theinvention when mounted to another shaft.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

The details and scope of the aspects of the present invention can bestbe understood upon review of the attached figures and their followingdescriptions. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a ring 10 according to one aspectof the invention. Ring 10 has an inside diameter 12 and an outsidediameter 14. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of ring 10 shownin FIG. 1 as viewed along section lines 2-2 in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG.2, ring 10 has a width 16 and, according to this aspect of the presentinvention, at least one indentation 18, for example, a slot or slit, andtypically a plurality of indentations 18. According to one aspect of theinvention, as discussed below, indentations 18 may take many differentforms. However, to facilitate this discussion, indentation 18 will bereferred to as a “slot” in the following discussion. FIG. 3 is amagnified detailed view of the cross section of ring 10 identified bycircle 3 in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 3, section 2-2 shown in FIG. 1,passes through a slot 18 whereby a lateral surface 19 of slot 18 isshown without cross hatching in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Inside diameter 12, outside diameter 14, and width 16 may vary broadlydepending upon the size of the installation in which ring 10 is used.For example, in one aspect of the invention, inside diameter 12 andoutside diameter 14 may be as small as 0.125 inches or as large as 20feet. In one aspect of the invention, the inside diameter 12 of ring 10will typically vary from about 6 inches to about 3 feet, for example,between about 6 inches and about 1½ feet. In one aspect of theinvention, the outside diameter 14 of ring 10 will typically vary fromabout 6 inches to about 3 feet, for example, between about 7 inches andabout 2 feet. In one aspect of the invention, width 16 may be as smallas 0.125 inches or as large as 2 feet. In one aspect of the invention,the width 16 of ring 10 will typically vary from about 0.25 inches toabout 6 inches, for example, between about 0.25 inches and about 0.75inches.

As shown in FIG. 3, the cross section of ring 10 includes a main section20 having an outer surface 22 (comprising the outside diameter 14), afirst lateral surface 24, and a second lateral surface 26, oppositefirst lateral surface 24. According to one aspect of the invention, mainsection 20 may take many shapes, for example, any shape that iscompatible with the shape and function of the structure (not shown) thatmay be mounted to ring 10. According to one aspect of the invention, thecross section of ring 10 also includes a projection 28 extending frommain section 20 and having an inner surface 29 comprising insidediameter 12. In the aspect of the invention shown in FIG. 3, projection28 comprises a lateral extension from main section 20 providing anL-shaped appearance to the cross section of ring 10; however, projection28 may take any shape or orientation that is compatible with the shaft(not shown) to which ring 10 is mounted. According to aspects of theinvention, extension 28 is adapted to be flexible or resilient, anddeflect or deform under load, for example, deflect or deform under aload in the radial direction as represented by arrow 32 in FIG. 3. Thedeflection or deformation of extension 28 under load may compriseelastic deflection or plastic deflection. According to this aspect ofthe invention, main section 20 may be mounted to another structure (notshown) and ring 10 may be mounted to a shaft including a train axle (notshown) whereby inside diameter 12 is allowed to deflect or deform, forexample, to accommodate any deviation from the diameter of the shaft andinside diameter 12 of ring 10.

In one aspect of the invention, slots 18 may be introduced to innersurface 29 of extension 28. For example, in one aspect, slots 18 may beprovided to relieve at least some of the circumferential or “hoop”stress that may be created when mounting ring 10 onto a shaft. In oneaspect of the invention, slots 18 provide at least some resiliency toring 10, for example, to extension 28, whereby inside diameter 12 maydeflect under load. Slots 18 may have a depth 21. Depth 21 may varydepending upon the thickness of extension 18. Depth 21 may also varydepending upon the degree of stress relief desired, among other things.In one aspect, as shown in FIG. 3, depth 21 of slot 18 is sufficient topenetrate through extension 28 whereby slots 18 penetrate the outersurface of extension 28. In another aspect of the invention, slots 18 donot penetrate the outer surface of extension 28.

In one aspect of the invention, the shaft (not shown) to which ring 10is mounted has a diameter, for example, a nominal diameter or an actualdiameter, that may be greater than inside diameter 12. In another aspectof the invention, the diameter of the shaft to which ring 10 is mountedmay have a diameter that varies and may be greater than inside diameter12 in some places and less than inside diameter 12 in other places.However, according to aspects of the present invention, deviations inthe diameter of the shaft are accommodated by the flexibility of insidediameter 12, for example, the flexibility provided by slots 18. In oneaspect of the invention, the flexibility of inside diameter 12 issufficient to accommodate a shaft diameter whereby no indentations orslots 18 are required.

In one aspect of the invention, ring 10 may provide at least some fluidsealing between one side of ring 10 and the other side of ring 10. Forexample, in the aspect of the invention where indentations 18 are smallor when no indentations are present, ring 10 may provide a barrier thatlimits the flow of a fluid, for example, a liquid or a gas, across ring10. In another aspect of the invention, a means for providing asubstantially fluid-tight seal may be provided between ring 10 and theshaft to which ring 10 is mounted. For example, in one aspect, a sealingmaterial may be introduced to the interface between ring 10 and theshaft before, during, or after, ring 10 is mounted to the shaft. Forexample, a sealing compound, for instance, a silicone-based sealingcompound, may be introduced to the interface, or a resilient device, forinstance, an elastomeric ring or band, may be introduced to theinterface. In one aspect of the invention, a room-temperaturevulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber may be used, for example, an RTVsilicone rubber may be applied to the interface of ring 10 and the shaftbefore, during, or after, ring 10 is mounted to the shaft. In anotheraspect of the invention, one or more pre-formed plugs may be installedin the slots 18 in ring 10 before, during, or after, ring 10 is mountedto the shaft.

According to one aspect of the invention, when ring 10 is mounted on toa shaft, the normal load provided by the contact of inner surface 29upon the outside diameter of the shaft is sufficient to provide at leastsome friction between the outside diameter of the shaft and innersurface 29 whereby at least some resistance, for example, some torsionalresistance is provided to the rotation of the shaft relative to ring 10.In one aspect of the invention, the friction provided by the contactbetween inner surface 29 upon the outside diameter of a shaft issufficient to minimize or prevent rotation of the shaft relative to ring10. For example, in one aspect, ring 10 and any structure mounted toring 10 may become substantially rigidly mounted to a shaft. In anotheraspect of the invention, the friction provided by the contact betweeninner surface 29 upon the outside diameter is sufficient to withstand atorsional load of at least 100 foot-pounds of torque, typically, atleast 600 foot-pounds of torque, with little or no deflection of thering 10 relative to the shaft.

In one aspect of the invention, ring 10 may be metallic, for example,made from iron, steel, stainless steel (for example, an AISI 300 seriesstainless steel, such as AISI 304 or AISI 316), aluminum, nickel,titanium, or any other metal, or a combination of these or other metals.In one aspect of the invention, ring 10 may be made from a plastic, forexample, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyester (PE),polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),among other plastics. In one aspect of the invention, ring 10 may bemade from an elastomeric material, for example, a rubber, such as,natural rubber, neoprene, ethylene-propylene rubber (EDM/EPDM), orstyrene-butadiene rubber (SBR); urethane; or polyurethane, among otherelastomeric materials.

In one aspect of the invention, surface 29 of inside diameter 12 may betreated to enhance the friction between surface 29 and the surface ofthe shaft to which ring 10 is mounted. For example, in one aspect, thesurface of inside diameter 12 may be treated to roughen the surface, forexample, by shot peening, sanding, grinding, or other surface treatment.

In one aspect of the invention, indentations or slots 18 may compriseany indentation in the inner surface 29, for example, any indentationsthat provide at least some relief to the hoop stress introduced bymounting ring 10 to a shaft. For example, in one aspect of theinvention, indentions 18 may comprise circular, square, or rectangularholes. In one aspect of the invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 through 3,indentations 18 may comprise elongated indentations, for example, slitsor slots. In one aspect of the invention, indentations 18 may bepositioned anywhere on inner surface 29. In one aspect of the invention,indentations 18 may be located at the innermost surface of surface 29,for example, along inside diameter 12.

Also, indentations 18 may be oriented in any desired orientation onsurface 29. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 through 3, indentations 18may be oriented in an axial direction, that is, in a directionsubstantially directed along the axis of ring 10. In another aspect ofthe invention, indentations 18 may be directed at an angle to the axisof ring 10, for example, at an angle between about 5 degrees and about90 degrees, for example, about 45 degrees, to the axis of ring 10. Inone aspect of the invention, indentations 18 may be directedsubstantially perpendicular to the axis of ring 10, for example, in asubstantially circumferential direction. In one aspect of the invention,indentations 18 may comprise one or more circumferential slots or slits,either continuous or intermittent, directed circumferentially aboutsurface 29. In one aspect of the invention, indentations 18 may comprisea plurality of substantially parallel, circumferential slots in innersurface 29. In one aspect of the invention, indentations 18 may compriseblind indentations (for example, blind holes) or through holes, forexample, holes that penetrate extension 28. The size of indentations 18may vary broadly, for example, in one aspect, the smallest dimension ofindentation 18, for example, the diameter of holes or the width ofslots, may vary from about 0.005 inches to about 3.0 inches, dependingupon the size of ring 10. For example, in one aspect of the inventionslots 18 in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 have a length of about 0.10 inches and adepth 21 of about 0.10 inches.

FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 are partial cross-sectional views of an assembly 40according to another aspect of the invention. FIGS. 4, 5, and 6illustrate the successive assembly of a structure 50 using a ring 10,according to one aspect of the invention, upon a shaft 60. FIGS. 4, 5,and 6 illustrate only a representative upper half of structure 50, ring10, and shaft 60 in which each have the substantially common axis 70. Inone aspect of the invention, structure 50 may comprise any structurethat is desirable to mount to a shaft. Structure 50 may be a plate, forexample, a bearing backing plate; a ring; a housing, for example, abearing housing; or any other type of conventional structure.

In one aspect of the invention, structure 50 may include an internalannular cavity 52 adapted to receive ring 10; for example, cavity 52 mayinclude a lead-in chamfer 54, an outside diameter 56, and a lateralsurface 58. Ring 10 may be mounted to cavity 52 by conventional means,for example, by means of welding, by means of an adhesive, by means ofone or more mechanical fasteners, by means of a press-fit, or by meansof a shrink fit, among other means. In one aspect of the invention, ring10 and structure 50 may be an integral part, for example, ring 10 andstructure 50 may be fabricated (for example, machined, forged, or cast)from one integral piece of material. In one aspect of the invention,structure 50 also includes an internal chamfer 59.

In one aspect of the invention, shaft 60 includes an outer diameter 62.Outer diameter 62 may vary from a nominal dimension as indicated byphantom line 64. For example, diameter 62 may vary by at least about+/−0.005 inches or by at least about +/−0.050 inches, or even at leastabout +/−0.50 inches. In one aspect of the invention, shaft 60 may be aforged or cast shaft and have an outside diameter that varies by about+/−0.050 inches. In one aspect of the invention, shaft 60 may be a trainaxle, for example, a forged or cast train axle having an outsidediameter that has a tolerance of about +/−0.050 inches. In this aspectof the invention, structure 50 may comprise a bearing backing plate andring 10 may be used to mount the bearing backing plate to the forged orcast shaft 60. As shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, shaft 60 may include achamfer 61.

FIG. 4 illustrates assembly 40 prior to when ring 10 engages shaft 60.FIG. 5 illustrates assembly 40 as ring 10 begins to engage the outsidediameter 62 of shaft 60. As shown in FIG. 5, in this stage of assembly,inside diameter 12 of ring 10 is less than the outside diameter 62 ofshaft 60. According to this aspect of the invention, inner surface 29 ofring 10 is adapted to engage shaft 60 whereby inner surface 29 radiallydeflects to increase inside diameter 12. As shown in FIG. 5, accordingto one aspect of the invention, the section of inner surface 29 of ring10 that engages shaft 60 may comprise a ramped or chamfered surface 31.This chamfered surface 31 causes surface 29 to radially deflect whencontacted by outside diameter 62 of shaft 60 whereby inside diameter 12increases to accommodate outside diameter 62.

FIG. 6 illustrates assembly 40 after ring 10 has engaged outsidediameter 52 of shaft 60. As shown in FIG. 6, inside diameter 12 ofresilient ring 10 has deflected to a diameter of at least outsidediameter 62. According to this aspect of the invention, the deflectionof extension 28 during engagement of ring 10 with shaft 60 introducescircumvention stress (or hoop stress) in extension 28 that causescompression between the inner surface 29 of ring 10 and the outsidediameter 62 of shaft 60. According to the present invention, thiscompression between inner surface 29 and outside diameter 62 issufficient to provide at least some resistance, for example, somefrictional resistance, to the rotation of shaft 60 relative to ring 10.In one aspect of the invention, the resistance to the relative rotationof shaft 60 and ring 10 is sufficient whereby ring 10, and structure 50,are substantially mounted to shalt 60, for example, rigidly mounted toshaft 60. In another aspect of the invention, at least some resistanceto axial deflection may be provided. For example, in one aspect, themounting of ring 10 onto shaft 60 may be capable of withstanding anaxial load of at least about 500 pounds, at least about 1000 pounds, atleast about 1500 pounds, or even more, with little or no axialdeflection. It will be apparent to those of skill in the art that theamount of torsional and/or axial resistance to movement will bedependent upon the dimensions of ring 10 and the application to whichring 10 is applied.

In one aspect of the invention, the resistance to relative rotation ofshaft 60 with respect to ring 10 may be enhanced by treating eitherinner surface 29 of ring 10, outside diameter 62 of shaft 60, or both.For example, in one aspect of the invention inner surface 29 or outsidediameter 62 may be treated with a friction increasing material, forexample, an adhesive. In another aspect of the invention, the frictionbetween surface 29 and outside diameter 62 may be enhanced by treatingone or both surfaces, for example, by shot peening, sanding, grinding,or other surface treatment.

In another aspect of the invention, resistance to relative movementbetween inner surface 29 and outside diameter 62 may be enhanced byindentations 18. For example, in this aspect of the invention,indentations 18, or more specifically, the edges of indentations 18, maycontact the outside diameter 62 to provide at least some resistance torelative rotation and/or axial deflection. In one aspect of theinvention, surface 29 having indentations 18 may comprise a materialthat is harder than the material of outside diameter 62, for example,whereby the harder edges of indentations 18 penetrate at least some ofthe surface of outside diameter 62 to increase the resistance torelative motion between the mating surfaces.

FIG. 7 is partial cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 6, of anotherassembly 140 of a structure 150 and ring 10 having flexible extension 28mounted to another shaft 160 according to an aspect of the invention.FIG. 7 illustrates only a representative upper half of structure 150,ring 10, and shaft 160 in which each have the substantially common axis170. Structure 150 includes a cavity 152 for accepting and retainingring 10 in a manner similar to that described with respect to FIGS. 4,5, and 6. Unlike shaft 60 of FIG. 4, shaft 160 does not include achamfer, such a chamfer 61 in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 7, according toone aspect of the invention, ring 10 may be used to mount structure 150onto shaft 160 having a first outside diameter 161 and a second outsidediameter 162, the second outside diameter 162 being equal to or greaterthan the first outside diameter 161. As shown in FIG. 7, first outsidediameter 161 and second outside diameter 162 may define a step 164 inshaft 160. According to this aspect of the invention, structure 150 hasan inside diameter 165 that is greater than first outside diameter 161of shaft 160. In one aspect of the invention, when mounted to shaft 160,extension 128 of ring 10 may deflect during assembly (in a fashionsimilar to what is shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6) and hear against secondoutside 162 when assembled. Also, when mounted to shaft 160, structure150 may bear against step 164. In one aspect of the invention, structure150 may include some sealing means 166, for example, an o-ring or wiperseal, positioned on inside diameter 165 to provide at least some fluidseal between structure 150 and shaft 160.

FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 illustrate a ring 110 according to another aspect ofthe present invention. FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 of ring 110 are similar to theviews of ring 10 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. FIG. 8 is a plan view ofring 110. Ring 110 may have many of the attributes of ring 10 discussedwith respect to and illustrated in FIGS. 1-6. Ring 110 has an insidediameter 112 and an outside diameter 114. FIG. 9 is a partialcross-sectional view of ring 110 shown in FIG. 8 as viewed along sectionlines 9-9 in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 9, ring 110 has a width 116 and,according to this aspect of the present invention, at least oneindentation 118, for example, a slot or slit, and typically a pluralityof indentations 118. As discussed with respect to ring 10, indentations118 of ring 110 may take many different forms. However, again, tofacilitate this discussion, indentations 118 will be referred to as a“slots” in the following discussion. FIG. 10 is a magnified detailedview of the cross section of ring 110 identified by circle 10 in FIG. 9.As shown in FIG. 10, section 9-9 shown in FIG. 8, passes through a slot118 whereby a lateral surface 119 of slot 118 is shown without crosshatching in FIGS. 9 and 10.

In one aspect of the invention, inside diameter 112, outside diameter114, and width 116 may be sized similar to inside diameter 12, outsidediameter 14, and width 16 of ring 10.

As shown in FIG. 10, unlike ring 10, the cross section of ring 110 is aclosed, hollow rectangular structure or construction (for example, formor shape) having an outer surface 122 (comprising outside diameter 114),a first lateral surface 124, and a second lateral surface 126, oppositefirst lateral surface 124, and an inner surface 129 (comprising insidediameter 112). In one aspect of the invention, the closed hollowstructure of the cross-section of ring 110 may take many shapes andforms, for example, the closed hollow shape of ring 110 may be circular,square, oval, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, or comprise any otherpolygonal shape having linear or curvilinear sides, including apentagonal, a hexagonal, a septagonal, and a octagonal hollowconstruction. As discussed above, the shape and cross-section of ring110 may be provided to accommodate the shape and function of thestructure (not shown) that is mounted to ring 110.

In one aspect of the invention, as shown in FIG. 10, inner surface 129of ring 110 may be “v-shaped” where the side surfaces of inner surface129 converge to a rounded ridge which defines inner diameter 112. Inother aspects of the invention surface 129 may take other shapes, forexample, a semicircular, oval, square, or rectangular, among others.According to this aspect of the invention, and similar to ring 10, ring110 is adapted to be flexible or resilient, and deflect or deform underload, for example, deflect or deform under a load represented by arrow132 in FIG. 10. The deflection or deformation of ring 110 under load maycomprise elastic deflection or plastic deflection.

According to this aspect of the invention, ring 110 may be mounted toanother structure (not shown), for example, a structure mounted to oneor more surfaces 122, 124, and 126. Ring 110 may be mounted to a shaft(not shown) whereby inside diameter 112 is allowed to deflect or deform,for example, deflect or deform to accommodate an deviation from thediameter of the shaft from the inside diameter 112 of ring 110.

In one aspect of the invention, again, similar to ring 10, slots 118 orring 110 may be introduced to inner surface 129. For example, slots 118may be provided to relieve at least some of the circumferential or“hoop” stress that may be created when mounting ring 110 onto a shaft.In one aspect of the invention, slots 118 provide at least someresiliency to ring 10 whereby inside diameter 112 may deflect underload. Slots 118 may have a depth 121. Depth 121 may vary, for example,depending upon the degree of stress relief desired. In one aspect, asshown in FIG. 10, the depth 121 of slot 118 is sufficient to penetratethrough a side of ring 110 whereby slots 118 penetrate the inner surfaceof the side associated with surface 129. In another aspect of theinvention, slots 118 do not penetrate through the sides of ring 110.

Similar to ring 10, in one aspect of the invention, the diameter of theshaft (not shown) to which ring 110 is mounted has a diameter, forexample, a nominal diameter, that may be greater than inside diameter112. This diameter may vary and may be greater than inside diameter 112in some places and less than inside diameter 112 in other places.However, according to aspects of the present invention, deviations inthe diameter of the shaft are accommodated by the flexibility of insidediameter 112, for example, the flexibility provided by slots 118. In oneaspect of the invention, the flexibility of ring 110 is sufficient toaccommodate a shaft diameter whereby no indentations or slots 118 arerequired.

Again, similar to ring 10, in one aspect of the invention, ring 110 mayprovide at least some fluid sealing between one side of ring 110 and theother side of ring 110. As discussed above with respect to ring 10, inone aspect, a sealing compound or a sealing device may be provided atthe interface of the ring 110 and the shaft to which ring 110 is mountedbefore, during, or after ring 110 is mounted. For example, in oneaspect, an RTV silicone rubber or a resilient device may be applied tothe interface of ring 110 and the shaft, as described above with respectto ring 10.

According to one aspect of the invention, similar to ring 10, when ring110 is mounted on to a shaft, the normal load provided by the contact ofinner surface 129 upon the outside diameter of the shaft is sufficientto provide at least some friction between the outside diameter of theshaft and inner surface 129 whereby at least some resistance, forexample, some torsional resistance, is provided to the rotation of theshaft relative to ring 110. In another aspect of the invention, thefriction provided by the contact between inner surface 129 upon theoutside diameter of a shaft is sufficient to minimize or preventrotation of the shaft relative to ring 110. For example, in one aspect,ring 110, and any structure mounted to ring 110, may becomesubstantially rigidly mounted to a shaft. In another aspect of theinvention, the friction provided by the contact between inner surface129 upon the outside diameter is sufficient to withstand a torsionalload of at least 100 foot-pounds of torque, typically, at least 600foot-pounds of torque, with little or no deflection of the ring 110relative to the shaft. In another aspect of the invention, at least someresistance to axial deflection may be provided. For example, in oneaspect, the mounting of ring 110 onto a shaft may be capable ofwithstanding an axial load of at least about 500 pounds, at least about1000 pounds, at least about 1500 pounds, or even more, with little or noaxial deflection. It will be apparent to those of skill in the art thatthe amount of torsional and/or axial resistance to movement will bedependent upon the dimensions of ring 110 and the application to whichring s10 is applied.

In one aspect of the invention, ring 110 may be metallic or plastic, andmay be fabricated from one or more of the materials discussed above withrespect to ring 10, for example, from an AISI 300 series stainlesssteel. In one aspect of the invention, similar to ring 10, surface 129of inside diameter 112 may be treated to enhance the friction betweensurface 129 and the surface of the shaft to which ring 110 is mounted.In one aspect of the invention, indentations or slots 118 of ring 110may comprise any indentation in the inner surface 129. For example,slots 118 may comprise any indentations that provide at least somerelief to the hoop stress introduced by mounting ring 110 to a shaft.For example, indentations 118 may comprise one or more of theindentation shapes, locations, orientations, configurations, and sizesdiscussed above with respect to ring 10.

According to one aspect of the invention, ring 110 may be mounted to ashaft in a manner similar to that shown in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 7.

FIGS. 11, 12, and 13 illustrate a ring 210 according to another aspectof the present invention. FIGS. 11, 12 and 13 of ring 210 are similar tothe views of ring 10 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 and ring 110 shown inFIGS. 8, 9, and 10. FIG. 11 is a plan view of ring 210. Ring 210 mayhave many if not all the attributes of rings 10 and 110 discussed withrespect to and illustrated in FIGS. 1-10. Ring 210 has an insidediameter 212 and an outside diameter 214. FIG. 12 is a partialcross-sectional view of ring 210 shown in FIG. 11 as viewed alongsection lines 12-12 in FIG. 11. As shown in FIG. 12, ring 210 has awidth 216. Though in one aspect of the invention ring 210 may include atleast one slot, slit, or indentation along the surface defined by insidediameter 212, for example, the slots 18 and 118 discussed with respectto other aspects of the invention, according to one aspect of theinvention, ring 210 includes no slots, slits, or indentations about itsinside diameter 212. The omission of slots, slits, or indentations inring 210 provides the further advantage of providing a device that iseasier and less expensive to fabricate. For example, the machining of aplurality of indentations in the inside diameter of ring 210 may becostly and time consuming. In addition, the omission of indentations,for example, in ring 210 also reduces or eliminates possible paths offluid leakage. Thus, aspects of the invention require less or no sealingmeans, for example, RTV sealant, compared to aspects with indentations.FIG. 13 is a magnified detailed view of the cross section of ring 210identified by circle 13 in FIG. 12.

As shown in FIG. 13, unlike ring 10, but similar to ring 110, the crosssection of ring 210 is a closed, hollow circular structure orconstruction (for example, form or shape) having an outer surface 222(comprising outside diameter 214), a first lateral surface 224, and asecond lateral surface 226, opposite first lateral surface 224, and aninner surface 229 (comprising inside diameter 212). In one aspect of theinvention, the closed hollow structure of the cross-section of ring 210may take many shapes and forms, for example, the closed hollow shape ofring 210 may be square, oval, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, orcomprise any other polygonal shape having linear or curvilinear sides,including a pentagonal, a hexagonal, a septagonal, and a octagonalhollow construction, among others. As discussed above with respect torings 10 and 110, the shape and cross-section of ring 210 may beprovided to accommodate the shape and function of the structure (notshown) that is mounted to ring 210, for example, one or more planarsides to accommodate a planar surface of the structure.

In one aspect of the invention, and similar to rings 10 and 110, ring210 is adapted to be flexible or resilient, and deflect or deform underload, for example, deflect or deform under a load represented by arrow232 in FIG. 13. The deflection or deformation of ring 210 under load maycomprise elastic deflection or plastic deflection.

Similar to rings 10 and 110, according to one aspect of the invention,ring 210 may be mounted to another structure (not shown), for example, astructure mounted to one or more surfaces 222, 224, and 226. Ring 210may be mounted to a shaft (not shown) whereby inside diameter 212 isallowed to deflect or deform, for example, deflect or deform toaccommodate any deviation from the diameter of the shaft from the insidediameter 212 of ring 210.

In one aspect of the invention, again, similar to rings 10 and 110,slots or indentations (not shown) may be introduced to inner surface229. For example, slots or indentations may be provided to relieve atleast some of the circumferential or “hoop” stress that may be createdwhen mounting ring 210 onto a shaft. For a description of the slots orindentations that may be provided refer to the corresponding descriptionof slots 18 and 118 above. In one aspect of the invention, slots orindentations provide at least some resiliency to ring 210 whereby insidediameter 212 may deflect under load. However, in one aspect, no slots orindentations are provided.

Similar to rings 10 and 110, in one aspect of the invention, thediameter of the shaft (not shown) to which ring 210 is mounted has adiameter, for example, a nominal diameter, that may be greater thaninside diameter 212. This diameter may vary and may be greater thaninside diameter 212 in some places and less than inside diameter 212 inother places. However, accordance to aspects of the present invention,deviations in the diameter of the shaft are accommodated by theflexibility of inside diameter 212, even without slots or indentations.

Again, similar to rings 10 and 110, in one aspect of the invention, ring210 may provide at least some fluid sealing between one side of ring 210and the other side of ring 210. As discussed above with respect to rings10 and 110, in one aspect, a sealing compound, or a sealing device maybe provided at the interface of the ring 210 and the shaft to which ring210 is mounted before, during, or after ring 210 is mounted. Forexample, in one aspect, an RTV silicone rubber or a resilient device maybe applied to the interface of ring 210 and the shaft, as describedabove with respect to rings 10 and 110.

According to one aspect of the invention, similar to rings 10 and 110,when ring 210 is mounted on to a shaft, the normal load provided by thecontact of inner surface 229 upon the outside diameter of the shaft issufficient to provide at least some friction between the outsidediameter of a shaft and inner surface 229 whereby at least someresistance, for example, some torsional resistance, is provided to therotation of the shaft relative to ring 210. In another aspect of theinvention, the friction provided by the contact between inner surface229 upon the outside diameter of a shaft is sufficient to minimize orprevent rotation of the shaft relative to ring 210. For example, in oneaspect, ring 210, and any structure mounted to ring 210, may becomesubstantially rigidly mounted to a shaft. In another aspect of theinvention, the friction provided by the contact between inner surface229 upon the outside diameter of a shaft is sufficient to withstand atorsional load of at least 100 foot-pounds of torque, typically, atleast 600 foot-pounds of torque, with little or no deflection of thering 210 relative to the shaft. In another aspect of the invention, atleast some resistance to axial deflection may be provided. For example,in one aspect, the mounting of ring 210 onto a shaft may be capable ofwithstanding an axial load of at least about 500 pounds, at least about1000 pounds, at least about 1500 pounds, or even more, with little or noaxial deflection. It will be apparent to those of skill in the art thatthe amount of torsional and/or axial resistance to movement will bedependent upon the dimensions of ring 210 and the application to whichring 210 is applied.

In one aspect of the invention, ring 210 may be metallic or plastic, andmay be fabricated from one or more of the materials discussed above withrespect to rings 10 and 110, for example, from an AISI 300 seriesstainless steel. In one aspect of the invention, similar to rings 10 and110, surface 229 of inside diameter 212 may be treated to enhance thefriction between surface 229 and the surface of the shaft to which ring210 is mounted. In one aspect of the invention, where ring 21 includesindentations or slots (not shown), these slots or indentations maycomprise any indentation in the inner surface 229, as described withrespect to slots 18 and 118. For example, slots in ring 210 may compriseone or more of the indentation shapes, locations, orientations,configurations, and sizes discussed above with respect to rings 10 and110.

In one aspect of the invention, inside diameter 212, outside diameter214, and width 216 may be sized similar to inside diameters 12, 112outside diameter 14, 114 and width 16, 116 of rings 10 and 110,respectively. However, it will be understood by those of skill in theart that the dimensions of ring 210 and the conditions of itsinstallation will vary depending upon the application in which ring 210is used, for example, the size of the shaft to which ring 210 is mountedand the expected torsional and/or axial loads ring 210 must be designedto withstand. In one aspect of the invention, the shaft to which ring210 may be mounted may have an outside diameter of about 8 inches. Inthis application, the width or diameter 216 of ring 210 may be about0.375 inches and have a wall thickness of about 0.035 inches. However,in other aspects of the invention these dimensions may vary broadly. Forexample, in one aspect, the diameter of the shaft with which ring 210 isused may have a diameter ranging from about 0.03125 inches (that is,1/32 inch) to 10 feet, but may typically be between about 2 inches andabout 20 inches in diameter. In another aspect of the invention, ring210 may have a width 216 of between about 0.03125 inches and about 3inches, but may typically be between about 0.25 inches and about 0.75inches in width. In one aspect of the invention, ring 210 may have awall thickness of between about 0.010 inches and about 1 inch, but maytypically be between about 0.020 inches and about 0.25 inches in wallthickness. In one aspect of the invention, ring 210 may not be hallow,but may have a solid cross-section. For example, in one aspect, ring 210may comprise a solid ring having a width or diameter 216 of between0.03125 inches (that is, 1/32 inch) and about 0.25 inches, for example,made from a ⅛-inch solid wire. In one aspect of the invention, theamount of nominal, pre-assembly interference between the inside diameter212 of ring 210 and the outside diameter of the shaft upon which ring210 is mounted may range from about 0.010 inches to about 0.100 inches,but may typically be between about 0.015 inches and about 0.065 inches.Similarly, the nominal, pre-assembly interference between the outsidediameter 214 of ring 210 and the inside diameter of the housing intowhich ring 210 is mounted may range from about 0.001 inches to about0.050 inches, but may typically be between about 0.005 inches and about0.015 inches.

Again, those of skill in the art will recognize that the dimensions ofring 210 and the amount of interference between the housing and theshaft may vary broadly and may be contingent upon the application andloading for which ring 210 will be used. For example, a largerinterference between the inside diameter of the housing into which ring210 is mounted and the outside diameter 214 of ring 210 will affect theflexibility of the ring and thus affect the amount of interference thatcan be tolerated between the inside diameter 212 and the shaft to whichring 210 is mounted. Similar tradeoffs must be considered in aspects ofthe invention where ring 210 includes slots or indentions along insidediameter 212.

According to one aspect of the invention, ring 210 may be mounted to ashaft in a manner similar to that shown in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 7. FIG. 14is a partial cross-sectional view of an assembly 240 according toanother aspect of the invention. FIG. 14 represents the final assembledstate of a structure 250 and ring 210 on a shaft 260. Shaft 260 has anoutside diameter 262. These may be assembled as shown, for example, inFIGS. 4, 5, and 6, according to another aspect of the invention. As didFIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 7, FIG. 14 illustrates only a representative upperhalf of structure 250, ring 210, and shaft 260 in which each have thesubstantially common axis 270. In one aspect of the invention, structure250 may comprise any structure that is desirable to mount to a shaft.Structure 250 may be a plate, for example, a bearing backing plate; aring; a housing, for example, a bearing housing or any other type ofconventional structure.

In one aspect of the invention, structure 250 may include an internalannular cavity 252 adapted to receive ring 210; for example, cavity 252may include a lead-in chamfer 254, an outside diameter 256, and alateral surface 258. Ring 210 may be mounted to cavity 252 byconventional means, for example, by means of welding, by means of anadhesive, by means of one or more mechanical fasteners, by means of apress-fit, or by means of a shrink fit, among other means. In one aspectof the invention, ring 210 and structure 250 may be an integral part,for example, ring 210 and structure 250 may be fabricated (for example,machined, forged, or cast) from one integral piece of material. In oneaspect of the invention, structure 250 also includes an internal chamfer259.

As shown in FIG. 14, inside diameter 212 of ring 210 has deflected to adiameter of at least about outside diameter 262. According to thisaspect of the invention, the interaction of ring 210 with shaft 260 maycause at least some rotation or deflection of ring 210 in the directionindicated by arrow 211. However, in one aspect of the invention, ring210 experiences little or no rotation or deflection, but is simplydeformed as shown in FIG. 14. The rotation, deflection, and/ordeformation of ring 240 as ring 240 engages shaft 260 introduces atleast some circumvention stress (or hoop stress) in ring 210 that causescompression between the inner surface 229 (see FIG. 13) of ring 210 andthe outside diameter 262 of shaft 260. According to the presentinvention, this compression between inner surface 229 and outsidediameter 262 is sufficient to provide at least some resistance, forexample, some frictional resistance, to the rotation of shaft 260relative to ring 210. In one aspect of the invention, the resistance tothe relative rotation of shaft 260 and ring 210 is sufficient wherebyring 210 and structure 250 are substantially mounted to shaft 260, forexample, rigidly mounted to shaft 260. In another aspect of theinvention, at least some resistance to axial deflection may be provided,as described above.

In one aspect of the invention, rings 10, 110, and 210 may be fabricatedfrom a continuous coil; for example, the cross-sections of rings 10,110, and 210 may be extruded into a continuous coil. The continuous coilmay then be cut to length and the free ends of the cut length may beattached to each other, for example, by welding, to form ring 10, 110,or 210.

Aspects of the present invention provide devices and methods formounting structures onto shafts. As will be appreciated by those skilledin the art, features, characteristics, and/or advantages of the variousaspects described herein, may be applied and/or extended to anyembodiment (for example, applied and/or extended to any portionthereof).

Although several aspects of the present invention have been depicted anddescribed in detail herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in therelevant art that various modifications, additions, substitutions, andthe like can be made without departing from the spirit of the inventionand these are therefore considered to be within the scope of theinvention as defined in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A train axle assembly comprising: a train axle; aring assembly coaxially mounted on said train axle, said ring assemblyhaving a main section comprising a radially outer surface with asubstantially constant outer diameter, said ring assembly comprising: aprojection extending axially from said main section, said projectionhaving a radially inner surface located at a diameter less than saidouter diameter of said main section; said radially inner surfacecontacting said train axle wherein said ring assembly affixed to saidtrain axle provides resistance to relative rotational and axial movementbetween said ring assembly and said train axle; said main section havinga connecting portion extending continuously in a radial direction fromsaid radially outer surface to a point where said projection extendsfrom said main section; said main section, said connecting portion andsaid projection forming a cavity facing in an axial direction such thatsaid main section extends in an axial direction less than saidprojection extends in said axial direction; said main section having alateral portion extending continuously in the radial direction from saidradially outer surface to said cavity; and a structure operativelyengaged by said ring assembly and mounted on said train axle.
 2. Thetrain axle assembly of claim 1 wherein said cavity extends an entirecircumferential length of said ring assembly.
 3. The train axle assemblyof claim 1 wherein said structure operatively engaged by said ringassembly comprises a bearing housing, a backing plate, a ring or ahousing.
 4. The train axle assembly of claim 1 wherein said radiallyinner surface of said ring assembly has a diameter less than an outsidediameter of said train axle.
 5. The train axle assembly of claim 4wherein the cavity of said ring assembly is deformed.
 6. The train axleassembly of claim 5 wherein said ring assembly comprises a ring shape.7. A method of assembling a train axle assembly comprising: providing atrain axle; coaxially mounting a ring assembly on said train axle, saidring assembly having a main section comprising a radially outer surfacewith a substantially constant outer diameter, said ring assemblycomprising: a projection extending axially from said main section, saidprojection having a radially inner surface located at a diameter lessthan said outer diameter of said main section; said radially innersurface contacting said train axle wherein said ring assembly affixed tosaid train axle provides resistance to relative rotational and axialmovement between said ring assembly and said train axle; said mainsection having a connecting portion extending continuously in a radialdirection from said radially outer surface to a point where saidprojection extends from said main section; said main section, saidconnecting portion, and said projection forming a cavity facing in anaxial direction such that said main section extends in an axialdirection less than said projection extends in said axial direction; themain section having a lateral portion extending continuously in theradial direction from the radially outer surface to the cavity; mountinga structure on said train axle and operatively engaging said structureby said ring assembly.
 8. The method of claim 7 wherein said cavityextends an entire circumferential length of said ring assembly.
 9. Themethod of claim 7 wherein said structure comprises a bearing housing, abacking plate, a ring or a housing.
 10. The method of claim 7 whereinsaid radially inner surface of said ring assembly has a diameter lessthan an outside diameter of said train axle.
 11. The method of claim 7further comprising deforming the cavity of said ring assembly.
 12. Themethod of claim 19 wherein said ring assembly comprises a ring shape.